Springs of Texas: Flow measurements

Metadata:

• Identification_Information
• Data_Quality_Information
• Entity_and_Attribute_Information
• Distribution_Information
• Metadata_Reference_Information

Identification_Information:

Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title: Springs of Texas: Flow measurements

Edition: Version 1.2, 200411

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title:

Database of historically documented springs and spring flow measurements in Texas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 03-315

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Austin, Texas

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Description:

Abstract:

Springs are naturally occurring features that convey excess ground water to the land surface; they represent a transition from ground water to surface water. Water issues through one opening, multiple openings, or numerous seeps in the rock or soil.

This dataset provides information about spring flow in Texas including the measurement value, date of measurement, and method of measurement. These data were aggregated from selected digital and hard-copy sources of the Texas Water Development Board, the U.S. Geological Survey, and Capitol Environmental Services.

Purpose:

The purpose of this project is to aggregate information about springs in Texas and associated spring flow into a digital database.

Supplemental_Information:

Collection of data was limited to digital data from the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Texas Water Development Board (TWDB), and Capitol Environmental Services (CES), and to hard-copy data of the USGS.

Status:

Progress: Complete

Maintenance_and_Update_Frequency: As needed

Spatial_Domain:

Bounding_Coordinates:

West_Bounding_Coordinate: -106.037604

East_Bounding_Coordinate: -93.212723

North_Bounding_Coordinate: 36.520145

South_Bounding_Coordinate: 26.660180

Keywords:

Theme:

Theme_Keyword: spring

Theme_Keyword: springs

Theme_Keyword: spring flow

Theme_Keyword: discharge

Theme_Keyword: ground water

Theme_Keyword: surface water

Place:

Place_Keyword: Texas

Place_Keyword: United States

Place_Keyword: North America

Access_Constraints: None

Use_Constraints: None

Point_of_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Public Information Officer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 8027 Exchange Drive

City: Austin

State_or_Province: TX

Postal_Code: 78754

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (512) 927-3500

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-w-txpublic-info@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. (Central Time Zone)

Contact_Instructions: Contact via e-mail

Data_Set_Credit:

This dataset was specifically developed to aggregate information about springs and spring flow into a singular digital database, as part of a cooperative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Texas Water Development Board (TWDB). Capitol Environmental Services (CES) also contributed information about springs and spring flow. The Texas Parks and Wildlife Department (TPWD) provided additional support for the release of Version 1.2.

Native_Data_Set_Environment:

Microsoft Windows 2000 Version 5.0 (Build 2195) Service Pack 4; ESRI ArcCatalog 8.3.0.800

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title: Springs of Texas

Edition: Version 1.2, 200411

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: vector digital data

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title:

Database of historically documented springs and spring flow measurements in Texas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 03-315

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Austin, Texas

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title: Springs of Texas: Alternate identification codes

Edition: Version 1.2, 200411

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title:

Database of historically documented springs and spring flow measurements in Texas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 03-315

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Austin, Texas

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Cross_Reference:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title: Springs of Texas: Alternate names

Edition: Version 1.2, 200411

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data

Larger_Work_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: 200309

Title:

Database of historically documented springs and spring flow measurements in Texas

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: digital data

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Open-File Report

Issue_Identification: 03-315

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Austin, Texas

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Data_Quality_Information:

Attribute_Accuracy:

Attribute_Accuracy_Report:

Attribute accuracy is dependent on source information. Values were inspected and found to be consistently coded as described in the Entity and Attribute Information.

This electronic report was subjected to the same review standard that applies to all U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) reports. Reviewers were asked to check the attributes and metadata files for completeness and accuracy.

The dataset was also reviewed by a hydrologist on staff at the USGS. The reviewer examined the data for attribute errors.

Logical_Consistency_Report: All records are attributed.

Completeness_Report: Complete.

Lineage:

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Texas Water Development Board (TWDB)

Publication_Date: Unpublished Material

Title: TWDB_spring

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data

Other_Citation_Details: Received from Roberto Anaya (TWDB) in 2002

Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1900

Ending_Date: 9/15/1997

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: not applicable

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Title: National Water Information System

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: tabular digital data

Online_Linkage: <http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis>

Type_of_Source_Media: digital data

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 8/31/1924

Ending_Date: present

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: NWIS

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: Annual publication (1962-2003)

Title:

Water resources data, Texas, water years 1961-2002 [one multiple-volume set per year]

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Water-Data Report

Issue_Identification:

TX-61, v. 1; TX-62, v. 1; TX-63, v. 1; TX-64, v. 1; TX-65, v. 1; TX-66, v. 1; TX-67, v. 1; TX-68, v. 1; TX-69, v. 1; TX-70, v. 1; TX-71, v. 1; TX-72, v. 1; TX-73, v. 1; TX-74, v. 1; TX-75, v. 1-3; TX-76, v. 1-3; TX-77, v. 1-3; TX-78, v. 1-3; TX-79, v. 1-3; TX-80, v. 1-3; TX-81, v. 1-3; TX-82, v. 1-3; TX-83, v. 1-3; TX-84, v. 1-3; TX-85, v. 1-3; TX-86, v. 1-3; TX-87, v. 1-3; TX-88, v. 1-3; TX-89, v. 1-3; TX-90, v. 1-3; TX-91, v. 1-3; TX-92, v. 1-3; TX-93, v. 1-3; TX-94, v. 1-3; TX-95, v. 1-3; TX-96, v. 1-3; TX-97, v. 1-3; TX-98, v. 1-3; TX-99, v. 1-5; TX-00, v. 1-5; TX-01, v. 1-5; TX-02, v. 1-5.

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Austin, Texas

Publisher: U.S. Geological Survey

Other_Citation_Details:

Obtained data from partial-record stations and miscellaneous sites in the volumes dedicated to surface water

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 10/1/1960

Ending_Date: 9/30/2002

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: not applicable

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: Annual report (1911-62)

Title:

Surface water supply of the United States, part 7, Lower Mississippi River [Basin] [For the years 1910-60, one Water-Supply Paper (WSP) per year]

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Water-Supply Paper

Issue_Identification:

WSP 287, 1910; WSP 307, 1911; WSP 327, 1912; WSP 357, 1913; WSP 387, 1914; WSP 407, 1915; WSP 437, 1916; WSP 457, 1917; WSP 477, 1918; WSP 507, 1919-20; WSP 527, 1921; WSP 547, 1922; WSP 567, 1923; WSP 587, 1924; WSP 607, 1925; WSP 627, 1926; WSP 647, 1927; WSP 667, 1928; WSP 687, 1929; WSP 702, 1930; WSP 717, 1931; WSP 732, 1932; WSP 747, 1933; WSP 762, 1934; WSP 787, 1935; WSP 807, 1936; WSP 827, 1937; WSP 857, 1938; WSP 877, 1939; WSP 897, 1940; WSP 927, 1941; WSP 957, 1942; WSP 977, 1943; WSP 1007, 1944; WSP 1037, 1945; WSP 1057, 1946; WSP 1087, 1947; WSP 1117, 1948; WSP 1147, 1949; WSP 1177, 1950; WSP 1211, 1951; WSP 1241, 1952; WSP 1281, 1953; WSP 1341, 1954; WSP 1391, 1955; WSP 1441, 1956; WSP 1511, 1957; WSP 1561, 1958; WSP 1631, 1959; WSP 1711, 1960.

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office

Other_Citation_Details:

Obtained data from partial-record stations and miscellaneous sites

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 8/7/1924

Ending_Date: 9/30/1960

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: not applicable

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: Capitol Environmental Services

Publication_Date: Unpublished Material

Title: All TSEWB Data (no WQ)

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: spreadsheet

Other_Citation_Details:

Received from Helen Besse (Capitol Environmental Services) in 2003

Type_of_Source_Media: digital database file

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 4/23/1905

Ending_Date: 7/15/1942

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: not applicable

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Publication_Date: Annual report (1911-1961)

Title:

Surface water supply of the United States, part 8, western Gulf of Mexico [basins] [For the years 1910-60, one Water-Supply Paper (WSP) per year]

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Water-Supply Paper

Issue_Identification:

WSP 288, 1910; WSP 308, 1911; WSP 328, 1912; WSP 358, 1913; WSP 388, 1914; WSP 408, 1915; WSP 438, 1916; WSP 458, 1917; WSP 478, 1918; WSP 508, 1919-20; WSP 528, 1921; WSP 548, 1922; WSP 568, 1923; WSP 588, 1924; WSP 608, 1925; WSP 628, 1926; WSP 648, 1927; WSP 668, 1928; WSP 688, 1929; WSP 703, 1930; WSP 718, 1931; WSP 733, 1932; WSP 748, 1933; WSP 763, 1934; WSP 788, 1935; WSP 808, 1936; WSP 828, 1937; WSP 858, 1938; WSP 878, 1939; WSP 898, 1940; WSP 928, 1941; WSP 958, 1942; WSP 978, 1943; WSP 1008, 1944; WSP 1038, 1945; WSP 1058, 1946; WSP 1088, 1947; WSP 1118, 1948; WSP 1148, 1949; WSP 1178, 1950; WSP 1212, 1951; WSP 1242, 1952; WSP 1282, 1953; WSP 1342, 1954; WSP 1392, 1955; WSP 1442, 1956; WSP 1512, 1957; WSP 1562, 1958; WSP 1632, 1959; WSP 1712, 1960.

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office

Other_Citation_Details:

Obtained data from partial-record stations and miscellaneous sites

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: August 1910

Ending_Date: 9/30/1960

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: not applicable

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Source_Information:

Source_Citation:

Citation_Information:

Originator: U.S. Geological Survey

Originator: Meinzer, O.E.

Publication_Date: 1927

Title: Large springs in the United States

Geospatial_Data_Presentation_Form: document

Series_Information:

Series_Name: Water-Supply Paper

Issue_Identification: 557

Publication_Information:

Publication_Place: Washington, D.C.

Publisher: U.S. Government Printing Office

Other_Citation_Details: 94 pp.

Type_of_Source_Media: paper

Source_Time_Period_of_Content:

Time_Period_Information:

Range_of_Dates/Times:

Beginning_Date: 1894

Ending_Date: 7/1/1923

Source_Currentness_Reference: ground condition

Source_Citation_Abbreviation: not applicable

Source_Contribution: Spring flow data.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

Digital data provided by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Texas Water Development Board (TWDB), and Capitol Environmental Services were imported from native formats into a database. Data in remarks columns were separated into different fields (for example, spring name(s), spring flow measurement, measurement date), and additional fields were added and populated with information describing the precision of the imported data (for example, measurement date accuracy). Data from USGS water-data reports and water-supply papers were manually entered into separate tables in the database, and additional fields were added and populated with information describing the precision of the entered data.

Process_Step:

Process_Description:

A master spring flow table was created with the desired fields. Before spring flow data were imported into the master table, a temporary identification number was added to the measurement record to relate it with a site record in the master site table. Spring flow data were then imported into the master spring flow table.

Data provided in cubic feet per second (cfs) were converted to gallons per minute (gpm) by the following formula: cfs * 448.8 = gpm (Davis and DeWiest, 1966). Precision of values converted from cfs is limited to three significant figures.

Davis, S.N., and DeWiest, R.J.M., 1966, Hydrogeology: New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 463 p.

Note: A few records refer only to the National Water Information System (NWIS) web site. This site contains numerous spring flow measurements taken on different dates for the particular spring.

Entity_and_Attribute_Information:

Detailed_Description:

Entity_Type:

Entity_Type_Label: spring_disc

Entity_Type_Definition: Spring flow measurements

Entity_Type_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: site_no

Attribute_Definition: Unique site identifier

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: disc_src_cd

Attribute_Definition: Source of data

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: A

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Reported by another government agency

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: S

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Measured by personnel of reporting agency

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Z

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Other source

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: From driller's log or report

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: G

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Private geologist-consultant or university associate

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: O

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: Reported by the owner of the spring

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: R

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Reported by person other than the owner, driller, or another government agency

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: disc_dt

Attribute_Definition: Date of measurement

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Date of measurement; values may be null.

Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Information:

Attribute_Value_Accuracy_Explanation:

When date_tm_prec_cd = M, disc_dt will read xxxx/01/xx. When date_tm_prec_cd = Y, disc_dt will read xxxx/01/01.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: date_tm_prec_cd

Attribute_Definition: Precision of measurement date

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: M

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: month

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Y

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: year

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Z

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: unknown or a duration of years

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: D

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: day

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: disc_va

Attribute_Definition: Spring flow (gpm)

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Spring flow measurement; values may be null.

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: disc_meth_cd

Attribute_Definition: Method of discharge measurement

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: estimated

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: R

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: reported, method not known

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E1

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: estimated at less than 'value'

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: E2

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: estimated at greater than 'value'

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: X

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: unknown

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: Z

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: average of reported range of values

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: V

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: volumetric measurement: bucket or barrel and stopwatch

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: W

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition: weir measurement

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Enumerated_Domain:

Enumerated_Domain_Value: C

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition:

Current meter--either propeller-type meter in the discharge outlet, or propeller- or cup-type meter in the discharge channel

Enumerated_Domain_Value_Definition_Source: USGS - National Water Information System (NWIS)

Attribute:

Attribute_Label: remarks

Attribute_Definition: Remarks

Attribute_Definition_Source: U.S. Geological Survey

Attribute_Domain_Values:

Unrepresentable_Domain: Remarks; can be any alphanumeric combination.

Distribution_Information:

Distributor:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 8027 Exchange Drive

City: Austin

State_or_Province: TX

Postal_Code: 78754

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (512) 927-3500

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-w-txpublic-info@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. (Central Time Zone)

Contact_Instructions: Contact via e-mail

Resource_Description: Open-File Report 03-315 (Compact Disc)

Distribution_Liability:

Although all data and software published on this CD have been used by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), no warranty, expressed or implied, is made by the USGS, as to the accuracy of the data and related materials and (or) the functioning of the software. The act of distribution shall not constitute any warranty, expressed or implied by the USGS as to the accuracy of the data and related materials, and no responsibility is assumed by the USGS in the use of these data, software, or related materials.

Any use of trade, product, or firm names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.

Metadata_Reference_Information:

Metadata_Date: 20030807

Metadata_Contact:

Contact_Information:

Contact_Organization_Primary:

Contact_Organization: U.S. Geological Survey

Contact_Position: Public Information Officer

Contact_Address:

Address_Type: mailing and physical address

Address: 8027 Exchange Drive

City: Austin

State_or_Province: TX

Postal_Code: 78754

Country: USA

Contact_Voice_Telephone: (512) 927-3500

Contact_Electronic_Mail_Address: gs-w-txpublic-info@usgs.gov

Hours_of_Service: 7:30 a.m. - 4:30 p.m. (Central Time Zone)

Contact_Instructions: Contact via e-mail

Metadata_Standard_Name: FGDC Content Standards for Digital Geospatial Metadata

Metadata_Standard_Version: FGDC-STD-001-1998

Metadata_Time_Convention: local time

Metadata_Access_Constraints: None

Metadata_Use_Constraints:

Although this Federal Geographic Data Committee-compliant metadata file is intended to document the dataset in nonproprietary form, as well as in ArcGIS 8.x format, this metadata file may include some ArcGIS 8.x-specific terminology.