Characteristics of and Areas Contributing Recharge to Public-Supply Springs in MassachusettsBy Bruce P. Hansen and Kirk P. Smith
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Abstract 1
Introduction 1
Methods of Investigation 2
Characteristics of and Areas Contributing Recharge to Public-Supply Springs 9
Becket Spring 9
New Belden Tavern Spring 9
Red Mill Spring 10
Fanny Rogers Spring 10
Keats Spring 11
Wells Spring 11
Harris and Stillwater Springs 11
Guilder Hills Spring 12
Whitcomb Summit Spring 12
Granville Center Spring 12
Mount Blue Spring 12
Berkshire Spring 13
Cold Spring 13
Mill River Road Springs 1 and 2 14
Peru Roadside Spring 14
Farm House, Red Rock, Barrel, and Smith Springs 14
Goulds Sugarhouse Spring 15
High Lawn Farm Spring 15
Waubeeka Springs 16
Worthington Fire District Springs 1–4 16
Description of Detailed Studies 17
Mount Blue Spring 17
Silver Brook Café Spring 17
Summary and Conclusions 17
References Cited 18
1, 2. Maps showing:
1. Public-supply springs and study sites in Massachusetts 23
2. Becket Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Becket 24
3. Photograph of Becket Spring with two discharge pipes, northwestward view, Becket 25
4. Map showing New Belden Tavern Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Becket 26
5. Photograph of New Belden Tavern Spring in Becket showing A, covered collection basin against boulder, northwestward view; and B, water flowing into collection basin from under boulder 27
6. Map showing Red Mill Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Clarksburg 28
7. Photograph of Red Mill Spring in Clarksburg showing A, two cisterns at upper center right, storage tank at left, and seepage melting snow at center, southeastward view; B, stage-discharge recording site on northwest side of Route 8, southeastward view; and C, close-up of weir installed in culvert with suspended 2-inch intake pipe for golf-course pump 29
8, 9. Graphs showing:
8. Record of continuous overflow discharge from Red Mill Spring, Clarksburg, June 7–11, 2002 30
9. Record of daily maximum overflow discharge from Red Mill Spring, Clarksburg, April 25 to November 13, 2002 31
10. Map showing Fanny Rogers Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Cummington 32
11. Photograph of Fanny Rogers Spring in Cummington showing A, three springs at top and collection cistern at center, northwestward view; B, three spring structures with stainless steel covers, southwestward view; and C, fracture that appears to be yielding water 33
12. Map showing Keats and Wells Springs, the areas contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas in Deerfield 34
13, 14. Photographs of:
13. Keats Spring in Deerfield showing A, exterior of spring with Pine Nook Road visible in the light areas at upper center, northeastward view; and B, interior of stone-lined spring cistern with overflow pipe near top, eastward view 35
14. Wells Spring with spring house and global-positioning-system equipment used for determining spring locations, eastward view, Deerfield 35
15. Map showing Harris and Stillwater Springs, the areas contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas in Deerfield 36
16. Photograph of Stillwater and Harris Springs in Deerfield showing A, two collection structures along the base of the scarp at Stillwater Spring, northwestward view; B, interior of a collection structure at Harris Spring; C, combined reservoir and pump house, northward view; and D, measuring combined discharge 37
17. Map showing Guilder Hills Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Egremont 38
18. Photograph of Guilder Hills Spring with combined collection structure, reservoir, and pump house, northward view, Egremont 39
19. Map showing Whitcomb Summit Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Florida 40
20. Photograph of Whitcomb Summit Spring in Florida, showing A, collection structure, southwestward view; and B, steel collection tanks and pump house, northward view 41
21. Map showing Granville Center Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Granville 42
22. Photograph of Granville Center Spring, northward view, Granville 43
23. Map showing Mount Blue Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Hingham 44
24. Photograph of Mount Blue Spring, westward view, Hingham 45
25. Map showing Berkshire Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Lanesboro 46
26. Photograph of Berkshire Spring in Lanesboro showing A, vault over spring, eastward view; B, transient users filling bottles with spring water; and C, high-angle fractures on outcrop just east of spring, southward view 47
27. Map showing Cold Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Lee 48
28. Photograph of collection trough at Cold Spring, eastward view, Lee 49
29. Map showing Mill River Road Springs 1 and 2, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas in New Marlborough 50
30. Photograph of Mill River Road Springs 1 and 2 in New Marlborough showing A, Spring 1 in foreground, Mill River Road and spring house covering Spring 2 in background, southwestward view; B, Spring 2 spring house to left and chlorination-equipment house to right, eastward view; and C, Spring 2 collection basin and reservoir inside spring house, southeastward view 51
31. Map showing Peru Roadside Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Peru 52
32. Photograph of Peru Roadside Spring, southward view, Peru 53
33. Map showing Farm House, Red Rock, Barrel, and Smith Springs, the areas contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas in Sheffield 54
34. Photographs of A, Farm House Spring, northwestward view; B, Red Rock Spring, northward view; C, interior of Red Rock Spring with discharge pipe; D, Barrel Spring; E, vault containing Farm House Spring reservoir and pump station in foreground and reservoir for Barrel and Red Rock Springs in background, northeastward view; F, Smith Spring House, northwestward view, G, Smith Spring overflow pipe, northward view; and H, Smith Spring overflow, northeastward view, all in Sheffield 55
35. Map showing Goulds Sugarhouse Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Shelburne 58
36. Photograph of Goulds Sugarhouse Spring, northward view, Shelburne 59
37. Map showing High Lawn Farm Spring, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Area in Stockbridge 60
38. Photograph of High Lawn Farm Spring in Stockbridge showing A, spring house, southward view; B, solution-enlarged fracture yielding water to spring, westward view; and C, pump house, southeastward view 61
39. Map showing Waubeeka Springs, the area contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas in Williamstown 62
40. Photograph of Waubeeka Springs in Williamstown showing A, spring collection structure, northward view; and B, overflow from reservoirs, eastward view, November 2001 63
41. Map showing Worthington Fire District Springs 1–4, the areas contributing recharge, and the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas in Worthington 64
42. Photograph of Worthington Fire District Spring 2, westward view, Worthington 65
43, 44. Maps showing:
43. Water-table altitude, ground-water-flow direction, and part of the area contributing recharge to Mount Blue Spring in Hingham 66
44. Silver Brook Café Spring in Sandisfield 68
45. Photograph of Silver Brook Café water source in Sandisfield showing A, collection structure at upper center and seepage melting snow at lower right, westward view; B, blue pump intake in collection structure; and C, measuring water level in small- diameter observation well 69
46. Map showing water-table altitude, ground-water-flow direction, and part of the area contributing recharge to Silver Brook Café Spring in Sandisfield 70
1. Characteristics of public-supply springs in Massachusetts 3
2. Measured discharge of public-supply springs, June 2001 to November 2002 5
3. Physical properties and concentrations of major inorganic constituents and nutrients in spring water and in water from nearby streams, western Massachusetts, April 2002 7
4. Areas contributing recharge, estimated ground-water recharge rates, and Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection Zone 1 Protection Areas for public-supply springs 8
This report is presented in Portable Document Format (PDF).
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Report (19.0 MB) --76 pages
The citation for this report, in USGS format:
Hansen, B.P., Smith, K.P., 2004, Characteristics of and Areas Contributing Recharge to Public-Supply Springs in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 03-4266, 76 p.
For more information about USGS activities in Massachusetts-Rhode Island District, visit the USGS Massachusetts-Rhode Island Home Page.
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